English in mind, pages 10, 11, 12, 13 Ways of Living: read the text and check your ideas Grammar: too much, many, not enough
will, to be going to Vocabulary: home
Grammar
ex. b
There are a lot of people. — 1
There are too many people. — 2
I’ve got a lot of work. — 3
I’ve got too much work. — 4
ex. c
Rule: Use too many with countable nouns, and too much with uncountable nouns.
ex. d
I think I’ve got too many books! — 1
There are toomany people in there. — 2
I think I’ve eaten too much food. — 3
I spend too much time on the computer. — 4
ex. e
There weren’t enough beds in the hotels.
There wasn’t enough time to explore everything.
Rule: Use (not) enough with both countable and uncountable nouns.
ex. f
I don’t really like my town. Every summer, too many tourists come here, so there are too many cars in the streets, and that means there’s too much noise. There aren’tenough places for teenagers to go, either. There are lots of shops but there are always too many people in them! And most of the clothes shops are for old people — there aren’t enough shops for young people like me!
Tuvalu – a disaster waiting to happen. Read the text and do the exercises on pages 8 and 9.
Listen to a weather forecast and answer the questions to practise and improve your listening skills.
Hello and good morning! Well, we’re off to a good start in the south this week, as most of the rain from the weekend has disappeared – just a few patches of cloud and maybe some showers here on the east coast. They’ll all clear up by lunchtime, though. Over the next day or so, London and the area around Kent can expect a couple of isolated showers, but mostly dry through until Thursday.
It’s not such good news for the north-west this week, I’m afraid: wetter weather, and not a lot of sunshine. Some of today’s showers will be heavy – and even thundery in Manchester and across the Pennies. Leeds will escape the thunderstorms, with drizzle and light rain only throughout the rest of the day and tonight.
Elsewhere, it becomes dry today, but with some foggy patches towards Wales. In England, tomorrow morning will see a dry, bright start in most places, with high temperatures throughout the week. We might see one or two thunderstorms appearing as the week goes on, with temperatures everywhere at 29 to 30 degrees.
By the weekend, unfortunately, the dry weather will make way for mostly cloudy skies and rain. The rain will move from Scotland, down towards the north and reach the south coast by Saturday afternoon. Temperatures, at least, will stay mostly warm at around 21 degrees for the weekend. It might feel like a nice change from the high twenties and early thirties we’ll see in the week. That’s all from me until tomorrow. Enjoy the mini-heatwave while you can!
Preparation
a small area — a patch
to disappear — to clear up
on its own, without other similar things around it — isolated
during all of a period of time — throughout
in other places — elsewhere
to move so that there is space for something to enter — to make way for
very light rain — drizzle
a period of weather that is much hotter than normal — a heatwave
Task 1
Listening B1: A weather forecast – 1
Put the words in the correct group.
Rainy weather
Sunny weather
thunderstorms
bright
wet weather
dry
showers
a heatwave
drizzle
Task 2
Listening B1: A weather forecast – 2
Are the sentences true or false?
It will start raining at lunchtime today in the east. — False.
The weather in the north-west will be worse than in the south. — True.
There will be thunder in Leeds tonight. — False.
Most of England will be hot this week. — True.
Wet weather will move from the north to the south at the weekend. — True.
1. A: Sandra told me that she doesn’t like you very much.
B: Know what? I don’t really care!
2. A: Can I use your mobile phone?
B: Sure, as long as you don’t make an international call.
3. A: I think I’m the worst student in the class!
B: Oh, come on, Peter! You know that isn’t true.
4. A: I think I’m too tired to go out tonight.
B: Tell me about it, you don’t want to go to the cinema.
A: That’s right.
5. A: Homework! Homework!
What is the point of having all this homework?
6. A: I’ve got hardly money at all.
B: In other words! I had to ask my little brother to lend me a pound this morning.
I think I don’t, because there are no things that can get me stressful. Because I am doing my homework, when I came home. I did all the homework in the evening.
Yes, that’s it. When I am feeling me sad, only one thing can help me, it’s laughing. Yes, jokes helps me very much, but there are many types of events, where the laughing isn’t working.
I have friends like that. It’s normal. I think without them, I can’t work so hard. The joke creators, helps me to feel me better.
ex. a, page 53
This book isn’t written in English.
Mane films are produced in Hollywood.
The Olympic Games aren’t held every year.
Chocolate is made from cocoa beans.
Thousands of Beatles CDs are sold every year.
How many cans of coke are bought every day?
How often is the World Cup held?
ex. b
Come on, Ken. These jeans look awful. Don’t make a fool of yourself.
She’s delightful. She always makes me smile.
I think it’s great to be with friends and have a good laugh.
Have you made any new plans since we last met?
You cannot always have a good time. Life isn’t always east!
ex. c
I haven’t eaten any fast food since last month.
My dad has been ill in bed for four days.
My cousins have lived in their house for 20 years.
I haven’t seen Jane since 10 o’clock.
I really like this CD, but I haven’t listened to it for a long time.
My sister’s boyfriend has phoned her eight time on Friday.
We haven’t eaten anything since breakfast.
Vocabulary
In Britain, if you’re over 18, you’re an adult.
The opposite of old is young.
A six or seven-year-old is a child.
Someone who is about 50 is middle-aged.
A more polite word of old is
This person is over 65 years old and doesn’t work anymore.
If you’re 14, you’re a teenager.
The crossword’s word is Toddler.
ex. a, page 54
1. A nuclear bomb — F
2. A volcano — D
3. A tsunami — C
4. An earthquake — B
5. A flood — E
6. A hurricane — A
ex. c, page 55
The dead man was found late last night.
The house was robbed at midnight.
I am often confused with my older brother.
A lot of litter were dropped on the streets in our town.
A film was made about the earthquake from them.
She was called “the Queen of Music”.
The Empire State Building was completed in 1932.
The window of our classroom was broken last night.
ex. d
The hurricane hit New Orleans on 29 August 2005, and 1500 people were killed. About 7500 people were rescued by police and firefighters. The city was badly damaged — about 80 per cent of the city was flooded. A lot of money was lost — a total of about 90 billion dollars.
Grammar
This photo was taken two years ago.
She’s really upset because her bicycle was stolen last night.
These houses were built in the seventeenth century.
Easter is a Christian festival which marks the resurrection of Jesus Christ. For many Christians, Easter is a celebration of the triumph of life over death, and a very important time of the year. Many non-Christians also have a holiday at this time, so it is a popular time to travel or spend with friends and family. We see lots of symbols of new life at Easter, especially eggs, chicks, flowers and rabbits. These symbols go back to ancient pagan traditions which celebrated fertility, rebirth and new growth after the long, winter months.
WHEN IT IS CELEBRATED
The dates of Easter change from year to year, but it usually falls sometime between the end of March and the end of April. In Western Christianity, Easter Sunday is the first Sunday after the first full moon of spring, which starts on 21 March. The Eastern Orthodox churches, which use a different calendar, have a slightly different way of calculating Easter and usually celebrate Easter a little earlier or later.
HOW EASTER IS CELEBRATED
In many countries there are religious processions during Holy Week, and practicing Christians attend special church services. On Palm Sunday, many churches bless palm branches and people put them on the ground during processions to mark the day that Jesus arrived in Jerusalem. The Last Supper on Maundy Thursday is celebrated in many Christian traditions in the form of the Communion, when believers share bread and wine. Good Friday is traditionally a day of fasting, reflection and sadness. A lot of church services start at midnight the night before Easter Sunday with the lighting of candles or, in Greece, fireworks. This represents the triumph of light over darkness. On Easter Sunday, churches are filled with flowers representing new life, and at home chocolate Easter eggs are given as presents.
Easter in Ukraine, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia
Across central and Eastern Europe an ancient tradition exists which sees people try to drench each other with water buckets of water, usually men soaking the women, on Easter Monday.
Known as Smigus-dyngus (Wet Monday) in Poland, Watering Monday in Ukraine, Watering in the Czech Republic and Slovakia and Sprinkling in Hungary, the ritual is supposedly based around women’s’ fertility, with the water having a cleansing effect in an effort to make them healthy for the upcoming spring.
In Hungary, participants will often dress up in folk costumes and the men will douse the women with buckets of water or perfume. In Poland, traditionally the women get soaked, but today it has become more of a country-wide water fight. After the soaking, usually the women then provide the men with food and alcohol. Another Easter tradition exists in these countries, in which men whip women with a special handmade whip made from willow and decorated with ribbons. Not intended to be painful, it supposedly helps women keep their youth, health and fertility throughout the year.
What Do People Do?
Easter is known as Velykden (The Great Day) and is a day off work in Ukraine. Special Easter services are held in churches, and many families celebrate the day with a special Easter meal. Easter meals often include the Paskha (a type of Easter bread) and an egg painted in red.
An Easter basket is filled with Paysinki (decorated eggs) and blessed early on Easter Day in many homes. There are various Easter games, including one called “Knocking”. This game involves 2 players who have 1 egg each and try to knock each other’s eggs. The first one to have their egg broken loses the game.
Public Life
Easter Day is a national public holiday in Ukraine so many shops, museums, and libraries, as well as government offices and educational institutions are closed. The Monday after Easter Sunday is a public holiday, so people can have a day off work and school. This rule applies to all public holidays that fall on a Sunday in Ukraine.
Symbols
The pysanky (decorated raw eggs) are part of the Easter Day celebrations in Ukraine. The names and meanings of the pysanky designs vary across regions. According to one superstition, pysanky were meant to protect homes from evil spirits and misfortune.
Easter is a Christian festival which marks the resurrection of Jesus Christ. For many Christians, Easter is a celebration of the triumph of life over death, and a very important time of the year. Many non-Christians also have a holiday at this time, so it is a popular time to travel or spend with friends and family. We see lots of symbols of new life at Easter, especially eggs, chicks, flowers and rabbits. These symbols go back to ancient pagan traditions which celebrated fertility, rebirth and new growth after the long, winter months.
WHEN IT IS CELEBRATED
The dates of Easter change from year to year but it usually falls sometime between the end of March and the end of April. In Western Christianity, Easter Sunday is the first Sunday after the first full moon of spring, which starts on 21 March. The Eastern Orthodox churches, which use a different calendar, have a slightly different way of calculating Easter and usually celebrate Easter a little earlier or later.
HOLY WEEK
The week before Easter is called Holy Week. The first day of Holy Week is Palm Sunday, which is the Sunday before Easter. Many Christians celebrate this as the day that Jesus entered Jerusalem and people threw down branches from palm trees on the road to welcome him. Four days later is Maundy Thursday, which marks the Last Supper, when Jesus ate bread and drank wine with his twelve disciples. The following day is Good Friday, which is significant for Christians as the day that Jesus was put to death on the cross. Many Christians believe that Jesus was killed and buried in a tomb on the Friday and that God raised him from the dead on the Sunday. So Easter Sunday is a celebration of the resurrection of Jesus.
HOW EASTER IS CELEBRATED
In many countries there are religious processions during Holy Week, and practising Christians attend special church services. On Palm Sunday, many churches bless palm branches and people put them on the ground during processions to mark the day that Jesus arrived in Jerusalem. The Last Supper on Maundy Thursday is celebrated in many Christian traditions in the form of the Communion, when believers share bread and wine. Good Friday is traditionally a day of fasting, reflection and sadness. A lot of church services start at midnight the night before Easter Sunday with the lighting of candles or, in Greece, fireworks. This represents the triumph of light over darkness. On Easter Sunday, churches are filled with flowers representing new life, and at home chocolate Easter eggs are given as presents.
OTHER EASTER TRADITIONS
There are many different Easter traditions around the world. In some places, people eat lamb on Easter Sunday, but there are many other foods, such as hot cross buns – spiced, sweet bread buns made with raisins – that are traditional in the UK.
In some places in Eastern Europe, boys and girls throw water at each other, while in Corfu, Greece, there is a tradition of throwing pots and pans out of windows and from balconies, breaking them on the street. In the United States, a tradition of wearing new clothes at Easter has evolved into making Easter bonnets – fancy hats decorated with flowers, rabbits and other symbols of spring. For fans of crime fiction, Norway is the place to be at Easter, when it has become traditional to read crime novels and solve mysteries.
Eggs are a popular part of Easter celebrations. Traditionally, people paint chicken eggs and decorate them with bright colors to give as presents. Nowadays, chocolate eggs are more popular than the traditional kind, especially with children. They are often hidden around the house and garden so that children can find them in an Easter egg hunt.
Preparation
to celebrate an important event — to mark
a victory or success — a triumph
a baby bird — a chick
belonging to a religion which existed before the main world religions — pagan
the ability to produce new life (babies, plants, etc.) — fertility
related to a religion or god — holy
a group of people walking in a formal way as part of a ceremony — a procession
COMPLETE THE SENTENCES WITH THE CORRECT PREPOSITION. CHOOSE IN , ON OR AT.
1. I wake up at 7.00.
2. I sometimes work on Saturdays.
3. I never work at the weekends.
4. I see my family at Christmas.
5. I go on holiday in August.
6. I go to bed at 11 p.m.
7. I watch TV in the evening.
8. I do my English homework at night.
9. I read the newspaper in the morning.
10. I have lunch at 1.30 p.m.
11. I always go out on Friday nights.
12. I go to a restaurant on New Year’s Eve.
13. I start a new school year in September.
14. I go skiing in the winter.
15. I was born in 1977.
16. I get up late on Saturday mornings.
17. I usually have a cup of coffee in the afternoons.
18. My birthday is in July.
19. The party is in the first of October.
20. We have a meeting on the first Thursday of the month.
Fill in the correct form of the verb given.
Who is writing to? – He is writing to his sister Maria, who is usually in England at this time of the year. (HE WRITE, WRITE, BE)
Marty was smoking just when his mother came into his room. (SMOKE, COME)
She left an hour ago and hasn’t come back yet. (LEAVE, NOT COME)
I usually drink tea with milk, but I like to have my coffee black. (DRINK, LIKE)
When I was in school, I knew a student who had not failed a test in his whole life. (KNOW, NOT FAIL)
You can’t go into her room. She is sleeping and you shouldn’t wake her. (SLEEP)
I have neverfelt better in my life. I hope it stays that way. (NEVER FEEL, STAY)
We didn’t go outside yesterday because it was raining the whole day. Maybe we will gotomorrow. (NOT GO, RAIN, GO)
While Mom was working in the garden, she hurt her back. She went to the doctor who told her that she would have to rest for a few days. (WORK, HURT, GO, WILL)
My sister has been working hard for school recently. She’s got a few tests coming up next week. (WORK)
The results were better than I had expected. (EXPECT)
Nobody was in the car, even though the engine was running. (RUN)
I went into the garden to see what the boys were doing. (DO)
All your fingers are brown. You are smoking too much. (SMOKE)
When I saw him last, he hadn’t been married for so long. (NOT BE)
I have just heard that his brother has been travelling around in Australia. (JUST HEAR, TRAVEL)
Did you sleep the whole morning? – I was trying to call you for over an hour. (YOU SLEEP, TRY)
After he hadread the letter, he threw it away. (READ, THROW)
I haven’t read today’s newspaper. – Have you seen it anywhere? (NOT READ, YOU SEE)
Jake has been coaching my sister for over a year. She has had some very good results lately. (COACH, HAVE)
Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (comparative or superlative).
My house is bigger than yours.
This flower is more beautiful than that one.
This is the most interesting book I have ever read.
Non-smokers usually live longer than smokers.
Which is the most dangerous animal in the world?
A holiday by the sea is better than a holiday in the mountains.
It is strange, but often a coke is more expensive than a beer.
Who is the richest woman on earth?
The weather this summer is even worse than last summer.
All my family use their phones, computers a lot. We need our phones to know something different or strange. We like to know such a lot, we like to improve our knowledge about news, about breaking news or events. All the members of my family have their own phone, computer. We trust our phones, but we don’t trust news, so we need to know that. We are using our phones to know a new workshop, to know new events in our country and in the whole world. My dad and I are using our phones to know about political situation in Armenia. But I like to know more, so I am using internet to know the situation in the world, in neighbor countries, such as Azerbaijan and Turkey. I like to use my phone, because I can improve my English, I can study a new language. I am studying now, a new language for me. My sister, Maria, uses her phone to watch toy films, cartoons, because she loves that. My brother uses his computer to learn and study his homework, and to study new languages. My mother, like me, loves to know the situation in Armenia. She loves to cook dishes from Internet recipes. Internet is a global net, and that is the most popular thing in our century.
But in Internet there are much fake news, so we are trying to stay away from that. My sister is three years old, but in the future she may have health problems, as she spends a lot of time on the Internet, so we are trying to distract her attention so that she can do something else.
Today’s grandparents are joining their grandchildren on social media, but the different generations’ online habits couldn’t be more different. In the UK the over-55s are joining Facebook in increasing numbers, meaning that they will soon be the site’s second biggest user group, with 3.5 million users aged 55–64 and 2.9 million over-65s.
Sheila, aged 59, says, ‘I joined to see what my grandchildren are doing, as my daughter posts videos and photos of them. It’s a much better way to see what they’re doing than waiting for letters and photos in the post. That’s how we did it when I was a child, but I think I’m lucky I get to see so much more of their lives than my grandparents did.’
Ironically, Sheila’s grandchildren are less likely to use Facebook themselves. Children under 17 in the UK are leaving the site – only 2.2 million users are under 17 – but they’re not going far from their smartphones. Chloe, aged 15, even sleeps with her phone. ‘It’s my alarm clock so I have to,’ she says. ‘I look at it before I go to sleep and as soon as I wake up.’
Unlike her grandmother’s generation, Chloe’s age group is spending so much time on their phones at home that they are missing out on spending time with their friends in real life. Sheila, on the other hand, has made contact with old friends from school she hasn’t heard from in forty years. ‘We use Facebook to arrange to meet all over the country,’ she says. ‘It’s changed my social life completely.’
Teenagers might have their parents to thank for their smartphone and social media addiction as their parents were the early adopters of the smartphone. Peter, 38 and father of two teenagers, reports that he used to be on his phone or laptop constantly. ‘I was always connected and I felt like I was always working,’ he says. ‘How could I tell my kids to get off their phones if I was always in front of a screen myself?’ So, in the evenings and at weekends, he takes his SIM card out of his smartphone and puts it into an old-style mobile phone that can only make calls and send text messages. ‘I’m not completely cut off from the world in case of emergencies, but the important thing is I’m setting a better example to my kids and spending more quality time with them.’
Is it only a matter of time until the generation above and below Peter catches up with the new trend for a less digital life?
websites and apps like Facebook, Twitter and Instagram
social media
in a funny or strange way because it’s unexpected
ironically
different from
unlike
to not get the benefits of
to miss out on
needing something too much or in an unhealthy way
addiction
people who are the first to buy or use new technology
early adopters
all the time without a break
constantly
to have no access to
Reading B1: Digital habits across generations – 1
1. More people aged 55 or more use Facebook than people aged 65 or more. (True)
2. Grandparents typically use Facebook less than their grandchildren. (False)
3. Sheila feels grateful to social media. (True)
4. Peter found his own smartphone use affected how he felt about how much his children used their phones. (True)
5. Peter has changed how much he uses his phone during the working day. (False)
6. Peter feels that the changes make him a better parent. (True)
Reading B1: Digital habits across generations – 2
Teens — are less keen on Facebook; like to keep their phones near them.
Parents — are returning to older technology; were the first generation to get smartphones.
Grandparents — use social media to find old friends; feel lucky to have the internet in their lives.
Listen to two people talking about changing their plans to practise and improve your listening skills.
Do the preparation task first. Then listen to the audio and do the exercises.
Preparation
Entertainment events
a concert
a ballet
a play
a show
Places for entertainment
a theatre
an opera house
a cinema
a gallery
People and entertainment
a band
an artist
a musician
a group
Text
Francesco: Sachi? Sachi? Sachiko!
Sachi: Francesco! Is everything OK?
Francesco: Yes. Yes. Sorry, I saw you and I was across the street … I ran.
Sachi: I see. What’s up?
Francesco: Do you have the tickets … for the play?
Sachi: No, I don’t. I’m going to buy them this afternoon.
Francesco: Oh good, good. Listen, don’t buy tickets for this Friday.
Sachi: Oh? Why not?
Francesco: I can’t go to the theatre on Friday. Something’s come up. I have a concert this Friday.
Sachi: Another concert? But you said …
Francesco: I know, I know. I’m sorry. I forgot.
Sachi: Francesco!
Francesco: How about next week? Are you free then? I can definitely go next Friday.
Sachi: Francesco. You did this two weeks ago, remember? I had cinema tickets for the new Marvel movie and you changed the plans then too. For band practice.
Francesco: I know, and I …
Sachi: We also missed my favourite dance group. Because your band was playing at some child’s birthday party.
Francesco: It was my nephew’s birthday …
Sachi: Ha!
Francesco: OK, why don’t we go out for dinner before my concert? Then, next Friday we can go to the play.
Sachi: Oh …
Francesco: Come on, Sachi. Just this one more time.
HOW TO SPOT FAKE NEWS READ SOME TIPS FOR SPOTTING FAKE NEWS TO PRACTISE AND IMPROVE YOUR READING SKILLS.
Every time you’re online, you are bombarded by pictures, articles, links and videos trying to tell their story. Unfortunately, not all of these stories are true. Sometimes they want you to click on another story or advertisement at their own site, other times they want to upset people for political reasons. These days it’s so easy to share information. These stories circulate quickly, and the result is … fake news.
There is a range of fake news: from crazy stories which people easily recognise to more subtle types of misinformation. Experts in media studies and online psychology have been examining the fake news phenomenon. Read these tips, and don’t get fooled!
1. Check the source
Look at the website where the story comes from. Does it look real? Is the text well written? Are there a variety of other stories or is it just one story? Fake news websites often use addresses that sound like real newspapers, but don’t have many real stories about other topics. If you aren’t sure, click on the ‘About’ page and look for a clear description of the organisation.
2. Watch out for fake photos
Many fake news stories use images that are Photoshopped or taken from an unrelated site. Sometimes, if you just look closely at an image, you can see if it has been changed. Or use a tool like Google Reverse Image search. It will show you if the same image has been used in other contexts.
3. Check the story is in other places
Look to see if the story you are reading is on other news sites that you know and trust. If you do find it on many other sites, then it probably isn’t fake (although there are some exceptions), as many big news organisations try to check their sources before they publish a story.
4. Look for other signs
There are other techniques that fake news uses. These include using ALL CAPS and lots of ads that pop up when you click on a link. Also, think about how the story makes you feel. If the news story makes you angry, it’s probably designed to make you angry.
If you know these things about online news, and can apply them in your everyday life, then you have the control over what to read, what to believe and most importantly what to share. If you find a news story that you know is fake, the most important advice is: don’t share it!
Preparation
1. A fake is something that is designed to look real but isn’t.
2. If you bombard someone with messages or information, you give them so much that it is difficult to deal with it all.
3. A phenomenon is a rare or important fact or event.
4. If something is subtle, it is not obvious and it is difficult to notice.
5. If you are fooled, you are tricked into believing something that is not true.
6. If you are sure about something, you are confident that it is true or correct.
7. If something is unrelated to something else, the two things have nothing to do with each other.
8. A source is a thing, person or place that provides information.
Exercises
Task 1
What is the best title for the text?
Experts share top tips for resisting fake news.
Task 2
Which reason is NOT given for an online fake news story?
To plant a virus in your computer
The text says some fake news …
is easy to recognize as fake.
Which of these may mean that a news site should not be trusted?
The site’s ‘About’ page does not clearly describe the organization.
Some images on fake news …
both the above
Fake news stories …
are usually only on fake news sites or social media.
Many fake news stories are written …
in a way that makes people upset.
What should you do with fake news?
Not show it to other people online
What is the purpose of this article?
To inform
DISCUSSION HAVE YOU EVER READ A FAKE NEWS STORY ONLINE? ARE YOU WORRIED ABOUT THIS PROBLEM?
Listen to the lecturer giving some facts and figures to practice and improve your listening skills In Class.
Ex. 1
Change the verb into the correct form: 1. I have read (read) your book several times. 2. She has worn (wear) that skirt many times. 3. My family has visited (visit) Brazil a few times. 4. I have eaten (eat) already. 5. Marta has finished (finish) her homework. 6. You have broken (break) the glass again. 7. They have paid (pay) for everything. 8. It has never snowed (never snow) like that. 9. I have met (meet) Anna once. 10. We have seen (see) him before. 11. You have bought (buy) 4 cars so far. 12. There have been (be) problems. 13. I have had (have) a snake. 14. Maria has raised (raise) a monkey. 15. The kids have grown (grow) so much!
Ex. 2
Change the verb into the correct form: 1. The students have improved (improve). 2. She has become (become) really beautiful. 3. Man has invented (invent) many great inventions. 4. People have caused (cause) much destruction to the planet. 5. I have learned / learnt(learn) to surf. 6. The class has done (do) 5 tests this month. 7. Allison has found (find) a few problems with your plan. 8. We have consulted (consult) some doctors about this. 9. I have met (meet) Debbie in the last week. 10. In the previous year, we have doubled (double) our income. 11. She has been (be) sick since Sunday. 12. You have been (be) away for 2 weeks. 13. He has hated (hate) cheese since childhood. 14. Mark and Katie have been (be) together for two years. 15. I have liked (like) mango since my last trip.
Ex. 3
Change the verb into the correct form: 1. I have been (be) here for two hours. 2. They have owned (own) the house since 1991. 3. They have had (have) those problems for a long time. 4. We have seen (see) this movie already. 5. You have checked (check) my spelling. 6. Angela has tasted (taste) baked bananas in her trip to South America. 7. Lisa has bought (buy) a new television. 8. Donna has broken (break) her leg. 9. Tim and Allison have had (have) a baby. 10. I have known (know) Susan for all my life. 11. Dan has worked (work) here since last November. 12. Jamie has been (be) sick for two days now. 13. You have waited (wait) for an answer since March. 14. Peter has been (be) here since last summer. 15. I have built (built) many houses in my life.
Ex. 4
Change the verb into the correct form: 1. They have prepared (prepare) a beautiful dinner for us. 2. We have eaten (eat) too much. 3. Sarah has drunk (drink) all the juice. 4. Peter has wasted (waste) all his money on drinks. 5. I have been (be) in England for over 15 years. 6. You have made (make) too much noise this time. 7. The kids have cleaned (clean) the house. 8. The test has started (start). 9. I have baked (bake) a carrot cake. 10. Morgan has lost (lose) her wallet. 11. We have talked (talk) once. 12. It has rained (rain) twice this week. 13. Julie has never been (never be) so quiet. 14. I have just taken (just take) a shower. 15. We have published (publish) three books up to now.
Studies have shown that a sense of humor can improve your mental and physical health, boost your attractiveness, and improve your leadership skills.
There are a variety of theories and styles of humor, each of which can improve your understanding of the subject.
Humor may be a critical life skill, but can it be taught?
Mark Twain said that “Humor is the great thing, the saving thing after all. The minute it crops up, all our hardnesses yield, all our irritations, and resentments flit away, and a sunny spirit takes their place.” He’s certainly not wrong. Humor may very well be the great thing. It touches upon nearly every facet of life—90% of men and 81% of women report that a sense of humor is the most important quality in a partner, it’s a crucial quality for leaders, and it’s even been shown to improve cancer treatments. There’s no doubt that humor is a life skill that everybody needs. But how do we define humor, and can it be taught?
What is humor?
The best way to kill a joke is to explain it, but psychologists have tried to do so anyhow. There are three main theories on what humor is and where it comes from. Relief theory argues that laughter and humor are ways of blowing off psychological steam, a way to release psychic energy. That’s why jokes told at funerals are often met not with the silence that a somber occasion like that would merit but with uproarious laughter instead.
Page 49, ex. b, c, f
ex. b
An old saying goes ‘laughter is the best medicine’, and doctors have found that it’s really true. They don’t know why, but laughter is good for our heart, our blood circulation, and our immune system. So, the next time you’re feeling stressed about your school work, you know what you have to do: try to laugh a lot, develop a sense of humor and watch funny films.
The Comic Relief charity, an organization that helps people in need, uses laughter to raise money. Every two years in spring, many English people put on a red nose, make a fool of themselves and do ‘silly’ things to make themselves and others laugh. Examples of ‘silly things’ you can do are:
• Invite friends round to your house to watch funny films. They have to pay to watch the films — those with the most comfortable chairs pay more -and for food and drinks. • Hold a talent show at school and ask your friends and teachers to sing, dance or tell jokes. Sell tickets for the show to the rest of the school. • Have a ‘red nose party’ at your house. All your friends come dressed in red — including red nose — and you serve red food and drinks. If they don’t wear red, they have to pay a fine.
• Get the students at your school to make funny sculptures, using all kinds of art materials. Sell tickets to your Red Nose Day exhibition.
People can buy a red nose at supermarkets, and part of the money goes to Comic Relief. The organization has helped people for more than 20 years now. And how much money have they collected since the first Red Nose Day? More than £600 million! The idea of Red Nose Day has travelled to other countries, too. In New Zealand, for example, people have made big red noses which they put on the fronts of cars and even buildings!
ex. c
I‘ve had my bicycle for two years and it’s great!
My mum has worked in this hospital for three years.
Has Maria lived here for a long time?
How long have your parents been married?
I haven’t seen my friend Tom for a long time.
Diana and Jenny have been friends since 2004.
ex. f
1) I really like Sara. l ‘ve known (know) her since I was ten.
2) You have had (have) a cold for two weeks. Go to the doctor!
3) My mum’s really good at French. She has studied (study) it for years.
4) I don’t know where Peter is. I haven’t seen (not see) him since this morning.
5) We haven’t been (not be) to the cinema for a long time. Why don’t we go this weekend?
Are you fun to be with?
1. You’ve just had an argument with your mum. Do you:
a) phone your friends and ask them to meet up and have some fun?
b) lock yourself in your room on your own?
c) phone a friend to complain about your mum, and then play loud music for an hour?
2. You’ve just arrived at your holiday place with your parents. Do you:
a) only want to lie in the sand and read or sleep?
b) want to have a good time and make new friends?
c) act miserable: you hate being on holiday and prefer to be at home with your friends?
3. You’ve been at friend’s birthday party for two hours and it’s boring. Do you:
a) tell your friend you have to go home because you promised to help your dad with some work?
b) make fun of your friend and tell him/her that you are going to give him/her a ‘most boring party’ medal?
c) start doing silly dancing or telling jokes to try make people laugh?
4. It’s Saturday evening. You’ve studied hard for a test at school for almost a week. You phone all your friends, but they have already made other plans. Do you:
a) think of other people you could meet up with?
b) get angry or down? You can’t have a fun without your friends.
c) spend the evening watching TV (even if you don’t like films you’re watching)?
5. You’ve forgotten it’s the 1st of April. A friend sends you an email to tell you that your Math’s teacher wants to talk to you. When you phone the teacher you find out it was an April fool’s joke. Do you:
a) send a email back to your friend to tell him/her that you aren’t friends anymore?
b) send an email back to your friend to tell him/her that you think it was a silly joke?
c) tell all your friends about the joke and have a good laugh about it with them?
6. A group of friends have invited you to come to their after-school club. When you get there, you see that none of your friends are there. You don’t know anyone at the club. Do you:
a) stay at the club to see if you can make some new friends?
b) leave the place immediately?
c) sit down in a corner to your MP4 player, hoping your friends will arrive soon?
From all over the world, teenagers reach a stage in which many problems arise. Such problems are very different and long-suffering, because the main cause of the problem is reluctance, humiliation of someone, talking about someone’s personal life or another reason that makes a teenager feel bad and desperate. After such problems, even worse problems arise that can interfere with a person’s mental state. Now I will give the types of problems that I personally have encountered.
The problem may arise due to the deterioration of the relationship between two people. Teenagers are in such a state that everything can seem meaningless. When two people talk to each other and there is some kind of tense situation because of the disagreement and dissatisfaction of one of them. This discussion can turn into a fight, a verbal altercation that can lead to a bad result. This is the main reason I have personally known since I lived. But no matter how unhappy I am with the situation, I will never express it in a crowd. The second reason may be the underestimation of a teenager. That is, people are different, one strong, another weak, one beautiful, another hem. This is the type of person in which he differs from others. And this becomes the cause of a fight and a mental disorder. Because an ugly person thinks why others underestimate him, why is he so ugly and many other such things? This is what leads to a low gem, reflecting the tension of a child, a teenager in relationships with others. This becomes a big problem, as the child begins to leave himself alone, because he thinks that he is not worthy of communicating with them. He begins to think that others are stronger and more beautiful than him, but he does not think that he is special and somewhere more beautiful and smarter.
The most popular reasons.
Here are the top 10 social problems teens struggle with every day.
Depression. …
Bullying. …
Drug Use. …
Alcohol Use. …
Obesity. …
Academic Problems. …
Peer Pressure.
The cause of adolescent problems can be the use of alcohol and tobacco at a young age. Yes, there are many such children who, under stress, began to suffer from bad habits: smoking, drinking, etc… . In addition to material, they also face psychological problems, because every parent wants his child to be the best, but often the opposite happens. Comparing a child with another more accomplished and intelligent child is wrong, since a teenager has an underestimation and his self-esteem decreases. I think this is a very wrong method, because it can often lead to bad habits and bad consequences .It will be more correct to explain to the child and give advice, as this will make him feel more confident and bolder.
To some extent, strained family relationships can become a problem when a person with a family is in a tense situation, or his parents do not follow and are not interested in their child. A teenager’s love for another person can become a small problem, because when a person loves someone, he begins to try to achieve this and forgets everything. This can be a deterioration of the child’s diligence․
Racism
I personally do not know people who are tired of communicating with black people, but I know that this habit, the problem is widespread. Teenagers have a hatred for a black person, as he begins to consider him unbearable, and a black person feels depressed and lonely from this, which can result in bad habits and bad consequences. We need to fight with this problem, because this is a very bad and shameful situation, because we live in a world where everyone should have equal rights, but experience shows that this is not the case.
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