Twenty years ago, the Armenians in the valley round Fresno used to regard oratory as the greatest, the most important art. About ninety-two per cent of the farmers believed that any man who could make a speech was a cultured man.
It was inevitable under the circumstances for the Garoghlanians to produce an orator too, though the grandfather regarded speechmakers as fools.
He was always impatient with any kind of talk, except the most direct and sensible. He wanted to know what he didn’t know, and that was all. He used to go to all the public meetings, but they all sickened him.
In spite of all this, I say, it was inevitablefor the Garoghlaniansto produce an orator. This orator turned out to be my little cousin Dikran.
The Old Man was fond of this unusual boy among the Garoghlanians. He was at any rate something special. First of all he was younger than the others who imagined they had learned many things from books, and then he spoke much more clearly than the others. For these reasons he was accepted by all of us as the Garoghlanian scholar and orator. Once his school announced an evening program which included a speech by Dikran Garoghlanian — a speech entitled “Was the World War Fought in Vain?”. At the proper time the Garoghlanians seated themselves in the school room and listened to the only Garoghlanian orator — Dikran.
The speech was dramatic, well-uttered, intelligent, and the conclusion of it was that the World War had not been fought in vain, that Democracy had saved the world. Everybody in the room was greatly impressed by the speech and applauded wildly. It was really too much for the Old Man. In the midst of the thunderous applause, he burst out laughing.
That evening at home the Old Man called the boy to him and said, “I listened to your speech. It’s all right. I understand you spoke about a war in which several million men were killed. I understand you proved the war was not fought in vain. This statement sounded important and beautiful as it came from the lips of a boy of eleven — from one who believes what he is saying. Continue your study of the world from books, and I am sure that by the time you are sixty-seven you will know the awful foolishness of that remark in your speech, so innocently uttered by you tonight, in such good English.”
Ex. 1
Ճառախոս — orator
Պերճախոսություն — perch speech
Գյուղացիների 92 տոկոսը — ninety-two per cent of the farmers
Փրկել — save
Խելամիտ — intelligent
Իզուր — vain
Հայտարարել — to announce/ to be announced
Հայտարարություն — statement
Տպավորություն գործել — to make impression
Բուռն ծափահարություն — to applaud wildly
Անմեղորեն — Innocently
Ներառել — to include
Անխուսափելի — inevitable
Հովիտ — valley
Սարսափելի հիմարություն — awful foolishness
Ընդունել — to accept
Երևակայել — to imagine
Ex. 4
Give the corresponding passive construction.
1. They had accepted the program before we decided to change it.
The program had been accepted by them before we decided to change it.
2. They had spent all the money by the end of the month, and I had to send them some more.
All the money had been spent by them by the end of the month, and some more for them will have been sent by me.
3. They will have constructed the new factory by the end of the year.
The new factory will have been constructed by them by the end of the year.
4. They will have closed the shop before you get there.
The shop will have been closed by them before you get there.
5. They have realized the plan.
The plan has been realized by them.
6. The dynamite has killed some people.
Some people have been killed by dynamite.
7. She has uttered no word since she came.
No word has been uttered by her since she came.
8. I shall have zeroxed the whole text before you come.
The whole text shall be had zeroxed before you come.
Ex. 5
Ask questions as in the model.
1. He is still making his speech.
Hasn’t the speech been made yet?
2. They are still building the house.
Hasn’t the house been built yet?
3. They were still constructing the bridge then.
Hasn’t the bridge been constructed then?
4. He will still be writing the novel in summer.
Won’t the novel be written in summer by him?
5. They are reconsidering the proposal.
Hasn’t the proposal been reconsidered by them?
6. They were building up a new company then.
Hasn’t the new company been built then by them.